The ABO blood group system plays a vital role in the blood transfusion and transplantation
medicine [
[1]
]. It consists of the major A, B, O alleles and many of subtypes with weak expression
of A or B antigens on red blood cells. The results of both forward and reverse ABO
typing are necessary for ABO blood group typing, as they are both necessary for interpreting
the results [
[2]
]. ABO discrepancies may be due to technical or human errors, weak subgroups, the transient
expression of antigens in some disease like carcinomas and mixed-filled agglutination
after massive or chronic transfusion [
3
,
4
,
5
]. The incidence of ABO discrepancies among blood donors was reported from 0.02 % to
0.06 %, Also the ABO subgroups are considered the most common cause of ABO discrepancies
[
3
,
6
,
7
]. Weak ABO subgroups are categorized as type II (Weak/missing antigen) or type IV
(due to presence of Anti–A1) ABO discrepancy [
[8]
]. Mistyped A and B weak blood group as O and B(A) as cisAB and AxB during routine serologic tests can have serious consequences, such as hemolytic
adverse transfusion reactions [
[9]
].To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 26, 2022
Accepted:
October 23,
2022
Received in revised form:
October 16,
2022
Received:
July 11,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Journal Pre-ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
